From the cooling in a refrigerator to the formation of a thought. The latter is one of the all-time great laws of science because it tells us why anything happens at all. In this blog series we give an easy-to-grasp definition of entropy and th e second law of thermodynamics. 305, 241–245 (2006).What is entropy? Part 1: A simple definitionĮver wondered why heat never flows from cold to hot? Why we cannot seem to create a machine with 100% efficiency and why we know our past but not our future? It all has to do with a concept called entropy. Why q-expectation values must be used in nonextensive statistical mechanics. Mathematical Methods in Kinetic Theory (Plenum Press, New York, 1969).Ībe, S. Translation of Ludwig Boltzmann’s paper “On the relationship between the second fundamental theorem of the mechanical theory of heat and probability calculations regarding the conditions for thermal equilibrium” sitzungberichte der kaiserlichen akademie der wissenschaften. Superdiffusion and non-gaussian statistics in a driven-dissipative 2d dusty plasma. Tsallis non-extensive statistical mechanics of El Nino southern oscillation index. Experimental determination of the nonextensive entropic parameter q. Rotational dynamics of turbulence and tsallis statistics. Anomalous diffusion and tsallis statistics in an optical lattice. Option pricing formulas based on a non-gaussian stock price model. Border between regular and chaotic quantum dynamics. Anomalous diffusion and non-gaussian velocity distribution of hydra cells in cellular aggregates. Evidences for nonextensivity conjugation in hadronic scattering systems. Equilibrium distribution of heavy quarks in Fokker–Planck dynamics. Non-extensive statistical mechanics and particle spectra in elementary interactions. Is re-association in folded proteins a case of nonextensivity?. From gibbs microcanonical ensemble to tsallis generalized canonical distribution. A fresh take on disorder, or disorderly science?. Introduction to Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics: Approaching a Complex World (Springer, New York, 2009).Ĭho, A. Possible generalization of Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics. Quantification method of classification processes. The number N can be used for the physical measure of deviation from Boltzmann entropy. Here we show the entropy of the system composed of finite N molecules of ideal gas is Havrda–Charvát–Tsallis entropy or the q-entropy with the entropic index \(q=\frac\). Meanwhile, the derivation of the precise entropy formula for the Boltzmann’s system of N molecules seems unknown and hard to be accomplished by following his way because the infinity assumption is not allowed to use any more in this case. However, Boltzmann derived his entropy formula by considering a very fundamental physical system composed of infinite number of ideal gases where the infinity was an indispensable constraint for using Stirling’s approximation with respect to the factorial function that appeared in his procedure 21. The endeavors to discover additional factors that explain the roles of the entropic index q and to find empirical or approximated relations for the entropic index have been in various fields including physics, chemistry, and economics 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. The generalisation is characterised by a single parameter known as the entropic index q and Boltzmann entropy is retrieved when q approaches one. The first appearance of the formula of the q-entropy is on the paper of Havrda and Charvát for the purpose of information entropy and Tsallis has rediscovered it for Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical mechanics. Havrda–Charvát–Tsallis entropy or the q-entropy is a generalisation of Boltzmann entropy 1, 2, 3.
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Multimeasure rests are automatically interrupted at important points, such as double barlines, rehearsal marks, key- or time signature changes, section breaks etc. Tick/untick "Create multimeasure rests".Ĭlick on the "Score" tab, if it is not already selected.and also at measures that are set to break multimeasure rests. Here you can also set the minimum of empty measures to combine into a multimeasure rest (see also Layout and formatting: Score). From the menu, choose Measure Properties and tick "Break multimeasure rest.".Right-click on the measure where you want the second multimeasure rest to start.Ensure that the option to display multimeasure rests in the score is off (see above).You may want to have a multimeasure rest divided into two multimeasure rests: Note: It is recommended that you enter all notes in the score first before enabling multimeasure rests. See also: Measure operations: Break multimeasure rest.MuseScore is a FREE music notation software that you can use to write sheet music.īecause of its built-in playback feature, the program is also a great tool for music composers. You can even use MuseScore to write your own play-along tracks to practice your instrument. This course is part 5 out of 5 of a series of MuseScore courses. how to install and use plugins for MuseScore how to export your score in several audio formats and as a MIDI file how to use all the functionalities of the playback section, like for example looping how to work with multi-measure rests in parts In a part, you can display and print single instruments or a self-defined group of instruments that are in a score with multiple instruments If you’re totally new to MuseScore, I would advise you to start with “MuseScore (part 1): Quick Start Guide”, where you will learn the basics of MuseScore: where to download the program, how to install (on Windows, Mac and Linux computers), how to write your first score, save, print and playback the score. Note: You can download a PDF-file with MuseScore keyboard shortcuts in the project section of this course.ġ. Introduction video part 5: hi and welcome to the course. New score, part five parts playback, important export and plug ins. In this course, you will learn all you need to make beautiful sheet music with a fantastic free music notation. Software called Music or My Name is Martin Cohen on a piano teacher and composer, and I use music er almost every day. This course is part five of a series of courses on you scored in this series. Jan Van Breda Koff / Julius Erving / Magic Johnson RC.Larry Bird RC / Bill Cartright / John Drew.Larry Bird RC / Julis Erving / Magic Johnson RC.Shop for singles on eBay using the links below. Besides Bird and Johnson, notable rookies include Michael Ray Richardson, Purvis Short, Freeman Williams, Maurice Cheeks, Bill Cartwright, Tree Rollins, Michael Cooper, and Sidney Moncrief. With the larger set size, there are a lot more rookies than could fit in the past several years' worth of sets. The Bird and Johnson rookie appear on other panels, but they're not valued anywhere near as high as the two players together. The key card to the set features the rookie cards of both Larry Bird and Magic Johnson, with the Julius Erving Team Leader card in the center. All-Stars appear on cards #1-18, and they feature checklist backs. There are also Slam Dunk cards that run from card #253-264. Team Leaders in several different categories are scattered throughout the set. Given the number of cards doubled from the previous year, subsets return to the series, each with different back designs. Cards are printed on white stock, which makes them a lot easier to read. Off to the right is a small blue box with a cartoon inside about a highlight from the player's career. A very short write-up is found, and then the stats for the 1979/80 season and a line of career totals. The backs are fairly basic since there is so little space: a black line across the top includes the player's name and a card number, with vital stats below it. Below the team name is the player's name and position. A player photo is surrounded by a solid-colored line that appears to spell out the name of his team in a cursive style at the bottom of the card (it's the same font that was used in the 1978 Topps baseball set). That might seem confusing to a collector starting on the set, and it has certainly impacted the set's collectability over the years.Įach individual card is 1 1/6 inches by 2 ½ inches. As a result, a complete panel set includes 176 different cards, which actually holds two complete sets. However, Topps used two printing sheets and changed the players around. There are 264 numbered cards in the 1980-81 Topps basketball checklist, which breaks down into 88 perforated panels of three cards each. On the other hand, it created one of the more iconic cards of its era by combining two legendary rookies and one of the game's biggest stars. Featuring three cards had been done in insert sets, but never as part of a base set. On one hand, this was a set that offered something Topps had never tried before. The clear standout card pairs the Larry Bird and Magic Johnson rookie with all-time great Julius Erving. In fact, a card in PSA 10 Gem Mint condition recently sold for a record $861,000 through Goldin auctions.1980-81 Topps Basketball brought mini cards and NBA trios to collectors en masse. The three mini or panel cards are joined together as one, with perforated seperators. That’s right, the Bird Magic rookie from 1980-81 Topps is technically three cards-numbers 34, 174, and 139, respectively for Larry Bird, Julius Erving, and Magic Johnson. Which brings us to the 1980-81 Topps basketball card that not only features a Larry Bird rookie, but also doubles as a Magic Johnson rookie, and wait, also features Julius Erving! On one hand, collectors would prefer to own a rookie card that showcased the star only, while others don’t mind as much.īut also, sometimes collectors don’t have a choice, and other times, the other player or players featured carry a ton of value themselves. Think Cal Ripken and 1982 Topps or Nolan Ryan and 1968 Topps. Now, there are conflicting opinions about “shared” rookie cards-or rookie cards that feature more than one player. (That is, lowest-priced, graded by a major company, not separated Buy It Now options with an image.)
You can learn a lot from this information to gauge how competitive the listing is for bidding purposes. Estimated workload (like more than 30 hours/week, for example).Once you're registered and set up on the marketplace, you'll have full access to the platform to start searching for graphic design projects you can bid on.Ĭlients that need to hire will post their projects on Upwork.Īs you browse each project, you'll find important information like: You'll go through your account setup where you'll answer some questions about your skillset, location, add your bio photo, and other details. How does Upwork work?įirst, join Upwork as a freelancer. It's super easy to browse the platform in search of graphic design jobs you can bid on. You'll love the navigation-friendly layout of Upwork. Similarly, clients like business owners and organizations come to the platform to find freelancers to work with on things like transcription work, illustration, video editing, and graphic design, and more.įor hire graphic designers, Upwork is a great place to get your feet wet and start working one-on-one with clients, hitting the ground running. Upwork is a freelancer marketplace where freelancers and clients come together to collaborate on projects.įreelancers join Upwork to find freelance work. Here are some of the best sites around! 1. The Best Freelance Graphic Design Websites How freelance graphic designers Can Pick Sites?.How do freelance graphic designers work online?. You cannot make a combination as XY and YX, because these combinations mean the same.įactorial n!: It is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n.ġ) Rule of Addition: If a first task is performed in x ways and second task is performed in y ways, then either of the two operations can be performed in (x + y) waysĢ) Rule of Multiplication: If a first task is performed in x ways and second task is performed in y ways, then both of the two operations can be performed in (x × y) ways Hence, this is possible in 3 different ways: (XY, YZ, XZ,). Now only two girls are to be selected and arranged. It is denoted by n C r or C(n, r)Įxample: If we have to select two girls out of 3 girls X, Y, Z, then find the number of combinations possible. In combination, objects are selected randomly and here order of objects doesn’t matter. Now these numbers can be arranged in 6 different ways: (12, 21, 13, 31, 23, 32).ġ2 and 21, 13 and 31 or 23 and 32 do not mean the same, because here order of numbers is important.Ĭombination: Each of different groups or selections formed by taking some or all number of objects is called a combination.Ĭombination is used in different cases which include team/group/committee. It is denoted by n P r or P(n, r).Įxample: Arrange the given 3 numbers 1, 2, 3 by taking two at a time. In permutation, objects are to be arranged in particular order. Permutation includes word formation, number formation, circular permutation, etc. Permutation: The various ways of arranging a given number of things by taking some or all at a time are all called as permutations. This chapter will definitely clear the concepts of permutation and combination, the only thing you have to do is thoroughly understand the difference between the two terms and as well learn the quick tips to solve problems based on this chapterĭifference between permutation and combination
This diagram shows that one classroom consists of multiple students, and each student has multiple grades. We can visualize our database schema with an entity-relationship diagram like the one below. That’s more than a third less storage space just by rearranging the data!īut it’s not enough to just store the data in separate tables we still need to model their relationships. That’s only 30 cells compared to 42 in the main table $-$ a 28.5% improvement! For this particular set of fields and tables, as we increase the number of students, say to 100 or 1,000 or 1,000,000, the improvement actually stabilizes at 38%. Instead, it’d be far more efficient to break out this information into separate tables, then relate the info in the tables to one another. But as the amount of data grows, all those duplicated values end up costing storage space and making it harder to extract the data you actually want from your table. If you only have a handful of students, it’s no big deal. Because students have multiple exam scores, storing all the data in one table requires duplicating info we only need to list once, like Jerry’s hobby, classroom ID, and teacher. This is a pretty inefficient way to store data, though. We could have one giant table that looks like this: Say we’re a school and are organizing our data on students, grades, and classrooms. The relevant data can then be extracted from different tables, filtered, and rearranged with queries in SQL, or Structured Query Language. The main idea with a relational database is to avoid duplicating data by storing it only once, with different aspects of that data stored in tables with formal relationships. Let’s do it! A time series of databases SQL databasesĭatabases arrived shortly after businesses began adopting computers in the 1950s, but it wasn’t until 1970 that relational databases appeared. But memorizing abstract facts can only get you so far $-$ we’ll then actually create each type of database in Python to build an intuition for how they work. We’ll start with a brief primer on the history and theory behind SQL and NoSQL. Yesterday’s filing cabinets have become today’s computer databases, with two major paradigms for how to best organize data: the relational (SQL) versus non-relational (NoSQL) approach.ĭatabases are essential for any organization, so it’s useful to wrap your head around where each type is useful. Then the following one works total.From ancient government, library, and medical records to present-day video and IoT streams, we have always needed ways to efficiently store and retrieve data. Sql_engine = create_engine(db_connection_str) In order me to achieve task, I have to create engine link sqlalchemy and pymysql db_connection_str = 'mysql+pymysql://****' Index=True, index_label=None, chunksize=None, dtype=None) Schema= 'HEALTH_PLAN', if_exists='append', However, I failed when I tried to insert row into table. Sql.execute(create_table_query, etl_conn) Pd.read_sql(query, etl_conn, index_col = 'index')Īnd I can create a table by using pandas.io and pymysql from pandas.io import sqlĬreate_table_query ='CREATE TABLE WD_PNL_MONTHLY_05052020 AS SELECT * FROM Query = 'select * from HEALTH_PLAN.WD_PNL_MONTHLY' So i should have achieved all database action by combining those two.įor example, based on the following etl_conn = nnect(host = host, user = user,password = passwd,db = db_health_plan) Since pandas have read_sql method method, what is engine from sqlalechmy in thereĪnd difference/relationship between engine and connectionīased on the official document pymysql: This package contains a pure-Python MySQL client library.įor my understanding, basically, it is the driver which connect between python to mysql. however, some of the database action, I have to use sqlachemy to create engine. In order to achieve better automation task, I start getting to know pymysql.įor me, I found some of database action I can achieve only by pymysql+pandas action. I have used a lot of python pandas and MySQL. The full amount of inventory needs to be in a Fulfillment Center before the deal is scheduled to run. They also allow you to specify a quantity above the minimum that you want to make eligible for the Lightning Deal Offer. Inventory – Amazon requires a minimum amount of inventory committed to each Lightning deal. This 20% must be met when the deal is scheduled to run or Amazon will cancel your deal. For all of our day two Prime Day coverage, you can also check out our July 13 live blog.Discount – An Amazon Lightning Deal requires that the product have a discount equal to or larger than 20% of the average product price in the past 3 months. And make sure to keep up with all of our Prime Day content - we will be rounding up all the best sales and deals, plus highlighting ways you can save even more. To help you comb through all the noise and focus on the best deals, here are some of our favorite deals across retailers. Many deals on Prime Day are fleeting: Some of the best ones will sell out quickly, and others are only offered as Lightning Deals, which means they're only available for a limited time. And the deals aren't just limited to Amazon: Though the retailer created the shopping holiday in 2015, it has since expanded to include counter sales from retailers like Target, Best Buy and Bed Bath & Beyond. Through July 13, the mega sale will offer notable discounts in categories ranging from tech and skin care to home goods and fitness equipment. Pricing and availability are accurate as of publish time.Īfter weeks of anticipation, Prime Day 2022 is finally here. If you purchase something through our links, we may earn a commission. Our editors selected these deals and items because we think you will enjoy them at these prices. 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The only other real tip/experience thing I think I could relay is that an aspirin or other anti-inflammatory blood thinning product might help alleviate it faster as well, I haven't really confirmed this for myself but a person I know who regularly gets full blown migraines with ocular effects did say that the aspirin at least helped with the vision stuff.Īs far as I know ocular migraines in and of themselves aren't necessarily a cause for concern unless they start happening very regularly and are accompanied with other symptoms. Similarly, 15.2 (25/164) noted ocular symptoms before systemic symptoms, with 23. A person with kaleidoscope vision may perceive broken shapes and brilliantly colorful or scrambled images in their vision much like looking through a kaleidoscope. Kaleidoscope vision is most commonly caused by migraine headaches. Kaleidoscope vision is not a stand-alone condition, but rather a visual symptom of migraines or conditions like a brain injury or stroke. I'm someone who is already pretty sensitive to say strobing lights or really bright lights at all, I think a bit more than average and the times when I have been most susceptible to ocular/optic migraines have seemed to have been times of extra fatigue or pushing myself too hard playing basketball in the morning after staying up late at night or (more alarmingly) going on very long drives particularly without sunglasses and during daylight have seemed to be two culprits. Red eye (21.9) and excessive tearing (17.6) were found at a significantly higher rate in COVID-19negative survey respondents (Table 1). Kaleidoscope vision is considered a temporary distortion of vision that results in blurry, brightly colored, and broken up images similar to how things appear when looking through a kaleidoscope. My two suspicions were stress/fatigue and photosensitivity. Unfortunately, don't have much to add as the exact cause of why I was getting them is a mystery to me(And my optometrist never saw an ophthalmologist or other specialist). However, the condition can occur in both men and women at any age.I get ocular migraines sometimes, started about 6 years ago, typically only happened a couple of times a year, last year it happened more frequently but I haven't had one in many months. Find high-quality stock photos that you wont find anywhere. Susac's syndrome affects women three times more often, and between the ages of 20 and 40. Search from 254 Kaleidoscope Eye stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. The cause of Susac's syndrome is unknown and the condition is very rare. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause.Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.Opthalmologist diagnosis: ocular or retinal migraine. Episodes tend to be shortlived but since April, the frequency of attacks has increased along with a trail of floaters in the periphery. Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body I started with the flashing lights and sometimes a kaleidoscope effect in one eye about two years ago.If you notice one or more of these signs in another person or in yourself, do not wait to seek help. The condition is also associated with stroke when the blood vessels of the brain are affected. Symptoms related to the inner ear may include: Confusion or difficulty thinking (cognitive impairment).Symptoms related to the brain may include: Kaleidoscope vision is a type of visual perception that occurs when the eyes are focused on an object or scene, and then suddenly shift focus to another. Symptoms of Susac's syndrome vary based on the severity of the condition and the part of the body that is affected. An example of one such diagramming solution is EdrawMax Online that is not only free to use, it also lets you export your creations to your preferred file format. Table of Contents: Definition Symbols How to Draw Operations. Simply start with the template you need, then easily customize it to fit your needs with. The sets and subsets are shown by using circles or oval shapes. Professional shapes and templates to get a head start. Real-time collaboration to work together with stakeholders. Intuitive visual tools for complex system designing. The easiest way to draw science diagrams is with an efficient online tool. Creating scientific drawings and diagrams is easy with SmartDraw. Collaborative block diagram maker to easily visualize systems and processes, and document and analyze their functional blocks and relationship. Plotvar is the best way for making line graph, pie chart, bar graph or even live graph. Create an online plot only takes few seconds. You can use it to make graph online and share your graph with everybody simply with one link. Check horizontal bars or stacked bars if needed. provides a free, fast and easy way to generate graph. For each data series, enter data values with space delimiter, label and color. Enter data label names or values or range. As a trainer or student, all you need to do is, drag and place the relevant symbols in the work area, and use the connectors to illustrate the relations or processes. Enter the title, horizontal axis and vertical axis labels of the graph. These programs also have lines and arrows called ‘Connectors’ to illustrate the relationship and workflow between the two elements. Such online tools have a complete library dedicated to a particular subject where all the required icons and symbols are present and can be used as needed. Today, there are several free and paid online diagramming tools that help you draw science diagrams quickly and easily as compared to the traditional method, without having you to be proficient in fine arts. Tools to draw graphs or diagrams, and export to SVG or Tikz (Latex) format. Thankfully, it’s an IT era where things have become way easier with the help of software applications, and drawing science diagrams is not any exception either. Access from anywhere via your web browser Very rich sets of symbols, layouts for your mathematics editing Quickly insert mathematic symbols with Suggestion Box (without knowing LATEX) By Name By Category By Drawing. Beginner-level biology students should familiarize themselves with the correct way of drawing scientific diagrams. heif file types, allowing you to open and view these images in Windows 10. Dubbed HEIF Image Extension, this extension supports both. Instead, Microsoft released a Windows 10 extension to achieve the same goal. In Windows, although there was supposed to be native support for the HEIC and HEIF formats in recent updates, that doesn't seem to have happened. If you don't want to convert the images for any reason, then you'll need purpose-built tools to view HEIC on other operating systems. That might put your mind at ease about security threats. The information remains private because the conversion is happening locally on the computer. If you don't want your private images to be open to such attacks, it's better to use a downloadable software utility. Since the data is being sent and received over the Internet, this means that the data is exposed to hackers. One drawback of using an online HEIC converting service is that your information is not always secure through the upload-convert-download journey. Many will have a restriction on the number of photos you can upload in a single batch, but if you don't have too many images, this is ideal. You'll see that there are quite a few online conversion sites that offer such services. Once converted, they can be viewed normally since these formats are supported by all popular operating systems. Rather than using specific tools to enable HEIC support on multiple platforms, you can try converting HEIC into the more widely used JPG or PNG formats. This article shows you how to open HEIC files in multiple platforms including Windows, Mac, Android and Linux.Ĭonverting HEIC to JPG/PNG If Editing Required But if you have an older device, and Android phone or even a PC or Mac, you can't easily open and view these images without the right tools. If you're an iOS device user, it doesn't pose a problem since the format is native to iOS 11 and higher. I do a website where amateur or semi-professional authors present their offerings despite the rise of digital photography, hardly anybody seems to understand the basic rules and I have to reject many jpegs that have been processed one time too many.Apple introduced the HEIC image format alongside with iOS 11, but it has been a disruptive development, to say the least. You may need to start in reverse by making the png from the original jpeg if that is all your camera provides. The article could perhaps have mentioned that good practice is to keep a master png (or tiff) file from which you make lossy jpegs only as required for particular purposes. Its GUI presentation provides many more options than the proposed command-line solutions for example you can set the maximum output file size and choose the compression of jpeg files. I know it’s off-topic (except that it causes trouble with a solution proposed here), but please could someone point us to an up-to-date review of file naming?įinally, I may have been too brief when mentioning IrfanView. For some time now, forbidden characters have been re-admitted, perhaps as part of a struggle to keep commercial operating systems incompatible with others. Since files have existed, certain characters have been forbidden in filenames, depending on the operating system. Perhaps the commenter’s name (see June 20 at 3:13am) should be moderated. You can as well share with us any other methods including Linux command line tools for converting images from one format to another on the terminal, or ask a question via the comment section below. If you want to optimize images, you can go through our guide that shows how to compress png and jpg images in Linux. In summary, we covered some important ways to batch convert. Save it as convert.sh and make the script executable and then run it from within the directory that has your images. $ ls -1 *.png | xargs -n 1 bash -c 'convert "$0" "$.jpg ” The ls command allows you to list all your png images and xargs make it possible to build and execute a convert command from standard input to convert all. Convert PNG to JPG Using ‘ls’ and ‘xargs’ Commands PNG, you can modify the commands according to your needs. Below are the various ways to batch convert your all. |
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